Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
A deductive argument is sound if and only if it is
AValid and all its premises are true ✓ Correct
BInvalid and all its premises are true
CValid and one of its premises is false
DValid and its conclusion is false
Correct answer: (A) Valid and all its premises are true — Soundness means validity plus all true premises, so that is the answer.
Explanation
★Soundness means validity plus all true premises, so that is the answer.
★Both conditions must hold together for an argument to be sound.
★Validity alone is not enough if a premise is false.
★True premises alone are not enough if the argument is invalid.
★With both, the true conclusion is guaranteed.
★So a sound argument is valid with all true premises.
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