Political Science · Political Theory
A distribution condition in which resources cannot be reallocated to make one individual better off without making at least one individual worse off is called?
APareto optimality ✓ Correct
BDworkin's Resource equalization
CWalzer's Complex equality
DAristotle's proportional equality
Correct answer: (A) Pareto optimality — This condition is called Pareto optimality, named after the economist Vilfredo Pareto.
Explanation
★This condition is called Pareto optimality, named after the economist Vilfredo Pareto.
★At a Pareto optimal point no one can be made better off without making someone else worse off.
★It is a standard of efficiency, marking that all mutually beneficial reallocations are exhausted.
★It says nothing about fairness, since a very unequal distribution can still be Pareto optimal.
★Dworkin's resource equalisation is a theory of equal shares, not a definition of efficiency.
★Walzer's complex equality bars dominance of one good across separate spheres of justice.
★Aristotle's proportional equality means treating equals equally and unequals unequally by merit.
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