A fallacy in which the conclusion is stated or assumed within one of the premises is known variously as which of the following?

1.Petitio principii

2.Irrelevant conclusion

3.Begging the question

4.Fallacy of composition

5.Circular argument

A1, 4 & 5 only

B3 & 4 only

C2, 3 & 5 only

D1, 3 & 5 only ✓ Correct

Correct answer: (D) 1, 3 & 5 only

Explanation

The names for assuming the conclusion inside a premise are items 1, 3 and 5.

Petitio principii is the Latin label for taking as granted the very thing to be proved.

Begging the question is its ordinary English rendering of the same defect.

A circular argument names it too, since its premise already contains the conclusion it seeks.

All three point to one fault, where the proof presupposes what it must establish.

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