Political Science · Western Political Thought
UGC NET November 2017 Political Science
Aristotle's classification of Constitution was based on the categories of
AWho rules and who benefits from the rule ✓ Correct
BWays and means of perpetuating in power
CAccepting the basic formulations of Plato's the Republic
DTo ensure rule of the majority
Correct answer: (A) Who rules and who benefits from the rule — Aristotle's classification of constitutions rests on who rules and in whose interest, so the answer is who rules and who benefits from the rule.
Explanation
★Aristotle's classification of constitutions rests on who rules and in whose interest, so the answer is who rules and who benefits from the rule.
★The number of rulers gives the threefold division into rule by one, by few, and by many.
★The interest served distinguishes true constitutions, which aim at the common good, from perverted ones, which serve the rulers.
★This yields monarchy, aristocracy, and polity as healthy forms and tyranny, oligarchy, and democracy as their corruptions.
★He reached this through the comparative study of 158 constitutions, the empirical basis of his Politics.
★He held polity, the rule of the middle class, to be the best practicable constitution because of its stability and moderation.
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