Political Science · Indian Political Thought
UGC NET December 2019 Political Science
Arrange the following Ashrams/Institutions founded by Gandhi in chronological order. Select the correct answer from the options given below.
- 1. Phoenix Settlement
- 2. Kochrab Ashram
- 3. Sevagram Ashram
- 4. Tolstoy Farm
A1, 2, 3, 4
B1, 4, 2, 3 ✓ Correct
C4, 3, 1, 2
D1, 3, 4, 2
Correct answer: (B) 1, 4, 2, 3 — The correct chronological order is 1, 4, 2, 3: Phoenix Settlement, Tolstoy Farm, Kochrab Ashram, Sevagram Ashram.
Explanation
★The correct chronological order is 1, 4, 2, 3: Phoenix Settlement, Tolstoy Farm, Kochrab Ashram, Sevagram Ashram.
★The Phoenix Settlement was established in 1904 near Durban in South Africa, often called the birthplace of Satyagraha.
★Tolstoy Farm followed in 1910 in South Africa, serving as the base for the Satyagraha campaign there.
★Kochrab Ashram was set up in 1915 near Ahmedabad, Gandhi's first ashram in India.
★Sevagram Ashram was founded in 1936 at Wardha in Maharashtra and became his later residence.
★The sequence thus moves from his South African phase to his Indian ashrams.
★Kochrab was later shifted to the banks of the Sabarmati, becoming the Sabarmati Ashram.
★The Phoenix Settlement near Durban is regarded as the birthplace of Satyagraha.
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