Political Science · Political Theory
Arrange the phases of the evolution of liberalism in ascending chronological order.
- 1. Modern Liberalism
- 2. Neo-Liberalism
- 3. Classical Liberalism
- 4. Libertarianism
A1, 2, 3, 4
B3, 1, 4, 2 ✓ Correct
C3, 2, 1, 4
D4, 3, 1, 2
Correct answer: (B) 3, 1, 4, 2 — In chronological order the phases run classical, modern, libertarian and neo-liberal, so the answer is 3, 1, 4, 2.
Explanation
★In chronological order the phases run classical, modern, libertarian and neo-liberal, so the answer is 3, 1, 4, 2.
★Classical liberalism came first, rooted in the seventeenth to nineteenth century natural rights and laissez-faire.
★Modern liberalism followed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century with the welfare and enabling state.
★Libertarianism revived the minimal state idea in the mid twentieth century through thinkers like Nozick.
★Neo-liberalism became dominant in the late twentieth century with Hayek, Friedman, Thatcher and Reagan.
★The sequence shows liberalism swinging from a small state, to an active state, and back toward the market.
★Each phase redefined the balance between individual liberty and the role of the state.
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