As per data available in November 2022, which of the following statements about the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) are correct?

1.MMR refers to deaths of pregnant women or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, calculated per lakh live births

2.MMR has declined to 97 during 2018-20, from 103 in 2017-19 and 130 in 2014-16

3.Kerala is the top-ranking state with 19

4.West Bengal is the least-ranking state with 195

A1, 2 and 3 ✓ Correct

B2, 3 and 4

C1 and 4

D1, 2, 3 and 4

Correct answer: (A) 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

The correct statements are the definition, the declining trend and Kerala's top rank, giving Statements 1, 2 and 3.

Statement 1 is right, as maternal mortality counts deaths in pregnancy or within 42 days of its end, per lakh live births.

Statement 2 is right, as the rate fell to 97 for 2018-20 from 103 in 2017-19 and 130 in 2014-16.

Statement 3 is right, as Kerala leads with the lowest figure of 19.

Statement 4 is wrong, as West Bengal is not the poorest performer, that place going to Assam with the highest figure.

A lower maternal mortality ratio is a key marker of a state's health system.

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