Political Science · Political Institutions in India
UGC NET June 2025 Political Science
Consider the facts regarding Government of India Act 1935 and choose the correct answer –
- 1. Provided the establishment of a Federal Court.
- 2. Separated Burma from India.
- 3. Created two new provinces of Orissa and Sind.
- 4. Proposed the establishment of Chamber of Princes.
- 5. Introduced separate electorate for Muslims
A1, 2 & 5 only
B3, 4 & 5 only
C1, 2 & 3 only ✓ Correct
D1, 2, 4 & 5 only
Correct answer: (C) 1, 2 & 3 only — The correct statements about the Government of India Act 1935 are that it provided for a Federal Court, separated Burma from India, and created two new provinces of Orissa and…
Explanation
★The correct statements about the Government of India Act 1935 are that it provided for a Federal Court, separated Burma from India, and created two new provinces of Orissa and Sind, which is option (3), namely 1, 2 and 3 only.
★The Government of India Act 1935 was the last major constitution enacted by the British Parliament for India and was the longest such Act.
★It provided for the establishment of a Federal Court, which was set up in Delhi in 1937 to interpret the Act and adjudicate disputes between the federal units.
★It separated Burma from India, a separation that took effect in 1937.
★It created two new provinces, Orissa and Sind, raising the total number of provinces to eleven.
★Statement 4 is incorrect, because the Chamber of Princes was not created by the 1935 Act; it had already been established by a Royal Proclamation and inaugurated in 1921.
★Statement 5 is incorrect, because the separate electorate for Muslims was introduced earlier, by the Indian Councils Act of 1909, not by the 1935 Act.
★The 1935 Act did, however, extend separate electorates to further groups such as the depressed classes, women and labour.
★The Act abolished provincial dyarchy and introduced provincial autonomy, making provincial ministries responsible to elected legislatures.
★It proposed dyarchy at the Centre instead, though the federal part dealing with the princely states never came into force.
★It provided for a Reserve Bank of India and for a Federal Railway Authority to manage the railways.
★It introduced direct elections on an enlarged, though still limited, franchise of about a tenth of the population.
★It was based on the Simon Commission report, the Round Table Conferences and the white paper of 1933.
★The Act served as the main structural model for much of the later Constitution of India.
★The trap in this question is to credit the 1935 Act with the Chamber of Princes of 1921 or with the separate electorate of 1909.
★For NET, fix the genuine 1935 features: the Federal Court, the separation of Burma, the new provinces of Orissa and Sind, provincial autonomy and a federal scheme that was never fully enforced.
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