Consider the following passage and identify the language functions probably intended to be served: A civil war is like the heat of a fever, but a foreign war is like the heat of exercise, and serves to keep the body in health. A. Directive: avoid civil war, do not avoid foreign wars. B. Informative: civil war weakens a nation, foreign wars strengthen a nation. C. Expressive: to evoke sympathy towards civil war and disapproval of foreign war.

The passage serves both a directive and an informative function.

Through its metaphor it tells us civil war weakens a nation while foreign war strengthens it, conveying information.

It thereby guides the reader to shun civil war and accept foreign war, a directive purpose.

The expressive reading offered reverses the attitudes, sympathising with civil war and disapproving foreign war, which contradicts the text.

So the intended functions are the informative and the directive.