Paper 1 · Research Aptitude
Extraneous variables are essentially
AIndependent variables that are not part of the study's focus ✓ Correct
BDependent variables
CNeither independent nor related to the outcome
DConstants that never change
Correct answer: (A) Independent variables that are not part of the study's focus — Extraneous variables are essentially independent variables outside the study's focus, so that is the answer.
Explanation
★Extraneous variables are essentially independent variables outside the study's focus, so that is the answer.
★An extraneous variable is an outside factor that can influence the dependent variable.
★So it acts like an independent variable, a possible cause, but one the researcher did not intend to study.
★It is not the dependent variable, which is the measured effect.
★It is related to the outcome, since its danger is that it can affect the result.
★It is not a fixed constant, so an extraneous variable is essentially an unwanted independent variable.
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