Political Science · Political Theory
For whom are 'ideas' and not the 'material conditions of production' the effective causes of revolution?
AKarl Marx
BLenin ✓ Correct
CEngels
DStalin
Correct answer: (B) Lenin — For Lenin ideas rather than material conditions are the effective cause of revolution, so the answer is Lenin.
Explanation
★For Lenin ideas rather than material conditions are the effective cause of revolution, so the answer is Lenin.
★Lenin held that the working class, left to itself, develops only trade-union, not revolutionary, consciousness.
★Revolutionary consciousness must be carried to the workers from outside by a vanguard of intellectuals.
★This stress on consciousness and the party departs from a purely economic reading of revolution.
★His thesis of the Communist Party as the vanguard of the proletariat rests on this very point.
★Marx and Engels, by contrast, rooted revolution mainly in material and class conditions of production.
★So Lenin's emphasis on revolutionary ideas and leadership sets him apart on this question.
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