Political Science · Western Political Thought
UGC NET December 2014 Political Science
Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Choose the correct answer from the codes given below.
Assertion (A): For Aristotle, the authority of a constitutional ruler over his subjects is quite different from that of a master over his slaves.
Reason (R): Because the slave is inferior from birth and incapable of ruling himself.
ABoth A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A ✓ Correct
BBoth A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
CA is true, but R is false
DA is false, but R is true
Correct answer: (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A — Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion, because Aristotle grounds the master's rule over the slave in the slave's natural incapacity to…
Explanation
★Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion, because Aristotle grounds the master's rule over the slave in the slave's natural incapacity to reason.
★For Aristotle the rule of a statesman over free and equal citizens differs in kind from the rule of a master over slaves, not merely in degree.
★Constitutional rule is rule over those who share in ruling and being ruled in turn, whereas mastery is permanent rule for the master's benefit.
★The slave by nature, in his view, lacks the deliberative faculty and is fit only to be ruled, while the citizen possesses practical reason.
★This distinction underpins his attack on the idea that all authority is one and the same, which equates king, statesman, and master.
★The same theme runs into his theory of citizenship, where ruling and being ruled in turn defines the citizen, and into his defence of natural slavery in the Politics.
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