Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion A and the other as Reason R. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

Assertion (A):The effect of history in a social research study can be fatal.

Reason (R):Various events that occur during a study may not affect the opinions and attitudes of respondents.

ABoth A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

BBoth A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A

CA is correct but R is not correct ✓ Correct

DA is not correct but R is correct

Correct answer: (C) A is correct but R is not correct

Explanation

Assertion A is correct because history, meaning outside events during a study, can fatally confound social research results.

Reason R is not correct since such events can strongly affect respondents' opinions and attitudes.

History is a classic threat to internal validity in longitudinal designs.

A major event between measurements may shift responses independent of the treatment.

Because R denies this influence, it cannot explain A.

Campbell and Stanley listed history among the threats to internal validity.

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