Political Science · Political Theory
Given below are two statements, one labelled Assertion (A) and the other Reason (R).
Assertion (A): John Rawls criticised the utilitarian theory of justice through his theory of justice as fairness.
Reason (R): John Rawls was a liberal thinker.
ABoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A ✓ Correct
BBoth A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
CA is true, but R is false
DA is false, but R is true
Correct answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A — Both statements are true and the reason explains the assertion, so the answer is the first option.
Explanation
★Both statements are true and the reason explains the assertion, so the answer is the first option.
★Rawls did criticise utilitarianism in A Theory of Justice through justice as fairness.
★Utilitarianism judges justice by the greatest aggregate happiness, even at the cost of a few.
★Rawls objected that this ignores the separateness and inviolable rights of persons.
★As a liberal, he placed individual rights and fairness above maximising total welfare.
★His liberal commitment is precisely why he rejected the utilitarian sacrifice of individuals.
★So being a liberal thinker properly explains his critique of utilitarian justice.
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