Grapevine communication is often driven by

Grapevine communication is driven mainly by the informal social networks among employees.

It grows through casual personal ties and everyday relations inside the organisation.

External professional agencies sit outside the workplace and do not power this informal internal channel.

Competing organisations are rivals in the market and have no hand in an organisation's internal grapevine.

Top management runs the formal official channels, whereas the grapevine flows unofficially among staff.

Its unofficial, person-to-person spread is what defines grapevine communication.