Political Science · Political Institutions in India
UGC NET December 2015 Political Science
How many functional items have been placed within the purview of municipalities by the 12th Schedule to the Constitution?
A18 ✓ Correct
B30
C35
D40
Correct answer: (A) 18 — The Twelfth Schedule lists 18 functional items placed within the purview of municipalities, so the answer is 18.
Explanation
★The Twelfth Schedule lists 18 functional items placed within the purview of municipalities, so the answer is 18.
★The Twelfth Schedule was added by the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, which gave constitutional status to urban local bodies.
★The 74th Amendment inserted Part IX-A, The Municipalities, comprising Articles 243-P to 243-ZG, into the Constitution.
★Its 18 items include urban planning, regulation of land use, roads and bridges, water supply, public health and sanitation, fire services, urban forestry, slum improvement and protection of the environment.
★The corresponding Eleventh Schedule, added by the 73rd Amendment, 1992, lists 29 functional items for Panchayats.
★The 74th Amendment provides for three types of urban bodies: Nagar Panchayat for transitional areas, Municipal Council for smaller urban areas, and Municipal Corporation for larger urban areas.
★It also mandates a State Election Commission to conduct municipal elections and a State Finance Commission to review municipal finances every five years.
★For NET, pair the Twelfth Schedule (18 items, municipalities, 74th Amendment) with the Eleventh Schedule (29 items, Panchayats, 73rd Amendment) as a frequently asked contrast.
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