In a developing country like India, which of the following statements is indicative of the challenges in the context of computer-based testing?

A real challenge for computer-based testing in a developing country is that remote areas often lack reliable computers and electricity.

Without steady power and machines, running an online exam fairly at scale becomes very difficult.

Teachers lacking computer knowledge is about training, and it does not directly block candidates from sitting a test.

Saying computers destroy the guru-shishya bond is an opinion about values, not a practical testing challenge.

Claiming the government simply cannot afford computers is a sweeping statement that ignores phased and shared arrangements.

Infrastructure gaps in connectivity and power remain the core hurdle for equitable digital assessment in rural India.