In a typical URL, the hostname such as 'book.com' is converted into an IP address by which type of server that has a database of matching names and addresses and is queried for the address?

A Domain Name System server holds a database of names and addresses and resolves a hostname like book.com into its IP address.

Browsers query a DNS server whenever a user types a human readable domain name.

SMTP is a protocol for sending email between mail servers, not for name resolution.

FTP transfers files between a client and server, unrelated to translating names.

HTTP delivers web pages once the address is already known.

DNS works as the internet's phone book, mapping memorable names to numeric addresses.