Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
UGC NET December 2021 June 2022 (11.07.2022) Shift-I
In the classical square of opposition, if the proposition 'Some S is not P' is given as false, then which of the following could be immediately inferred from it?
- 1. 'Some S is P' is true
- 2. 'Some S is P' is undetermined
- 3. 'Some S is P' is false
- 4. 'All S is P' is undetermined
- 5. 'All S is P' is true
A2, 3 and 5 only
B1, 3 and 5 only ✓ Correct
C2, 3 and 4 only
D1, 3 and 4 only
Correct answer: (B) 1, 3 and 5 only — The proposition 'Some S is not P' is the particular negative or O type.
Explanation
★The proposition 'Some S is not P' is the particular negative or O type.
★If O is false, then its contradictory 'All S is P', the universal affirmative A, must be true.
★If A is true, then by subalternation its particular 'Some S is P', the I type, is also true.
★So the two genuine inferences are that 'Some S is P' is true and 'All S is P' is true.
★The square of opposition links A, E, I and O by contradiction, contrariety, and subalternation.
★This item was dropped by the examining body because no option cleanly lists only those two inferences.
★Mapping the falsity of one corner across the square is the core skill tested here.
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