In the light of Causation which of the following is incorrect?

1.Qualities of cause are accidental antecedents.

2.The cause of the cause is not the cause.

3.The co-effects of a cause are themselves causally related.

4.Eternal substance like space are not unconditional antecedents.

A1 & 4 only

B2 & 3 only

C3 only ✓ Correct

D2 & 4 only

Correct answer: (C) 3 only

Explanation

Statement 3 is the false claim: the co-effects of one cause are not causally related to each other, they merely share a common cause.

A cause is the unconditional, invariable and immediate antecedent of an effect.

The qualities of the cause count only as accidental antecedents, so Statement 1 is true.

The remote cause of the cause is excluded from the cause proper, so Statement 2 is true.

Eternal substances like space are constant conditions, not special unconditional antecedents, so Statement 4 is true.

The test throughout is the definition of a cause as the unconditional antecedent.

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