Political Science · Western Political Thought
Marx does not believe in which of the following?
- 1. Human consciousness determines social existence
- 2. Ideas are the reflections of the interplay of material forces
- 3. Social structures are functions of the prevailing mode of production
- 4. The superstructure determines the base
- 5. Matter is active, dynamic and dialectical in nature
A1 and 3
B1 and 2
C2 and 3
D1 and 4 ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) 1 and 4 — Marx does not believe in items 1 and 4, so the answer is 1 and 4.
Explanation
★Marx does not believe in items 1 and 4, so the answer is 1 and 4.
★Item 1 is the reverse of Marx, since for him social existence determines consciousness, not the other way round.
★Material life shapes how people think, rather than thought shaping material life.
★Item 4 is also the reverse of Marx, since for him the base determines the superstructure.
★The economic base of production shapes law, politics, religion and ideas above it.
★Marx does hold that ideas reflect material forces and that structures follow the mode of production.
★He also holds the materialist dialectical view that matter is active and dynamic.
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