Match List I (Nature of matter) with List II (Effect) and choose the correct answer from the options given below.

List I

i.Allergen

ii.Carcinogen

iii.Mutagen

iv.Teratogen

List II

a.Carcinogenic substances

b.Substances that inhibit foetal growth

c.Substances that activate the immune system

d.Substances that damage or alter genetic material

Ai-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d

Bi-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c

Ci-c, ii-a, iii-d, iv-b ✓ Correct

Di-d, ii-c, iii-a, iv-b

Correct answer: (C) i-c, ii-a, iii-d, iv-b

Explanation

An allergen is a substance that provokes the immune system into a hypersensitive reaction, so it pairs with activation of the immune system.

A carcinogen is any agent that can trigger cancer, so it pairs with carcinogenic substances.

A mutagen alters the genetic material by inducing changes in DNA, so it pairs with damage to genetic material.

A teratogen disturbs development in the womb and hinders foetal growth, so it pairs with inhibition of foetal growth.

The four categories are distinguished by their target, namely immunity, cancer risk, genes and the developing foetus.

Many teratogens such as thalidomide and alcohol act during the sensitive early weeks of pregnancy.

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