Match List I (Type of research) with List II (Description) and choose the correct answer from the options given below.

List I

i.Case study

ii.Observational research

iii.Longitudinal research

iv.Experimental research

List II

a.Variables are actively manipulated and the environment is controlled as far as possible

b.Study of behaviours in their natural settings without intervention

c.In-depth study of a single or a few individuals

d.Study in which a group of participants is observed and measured over time

Ai-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d

Bi-d, ii-a, iii-b, iv-c

Ci-d, ii-a, iii-c, iv-b

Di-c, ii-b, iii-d, iv-a ✓ Correct

Correct answer: (D) i-c, ii-b, iii-d, iv-a

Explanation

Case study is the in-depth study of a single or a few individuals, observational research studies behaviour in natural settings without intervention, longitudinal research measures a group repeatedly over time, and experimental research actively manipulates variables under control.

Case study pairs with the in-depth study of one or a few individuals.

Observational research pairs with the natural-setting study without any intervention.

Longitudinal research pairs with observing and measuring a group over time.

Experimental research pairs with active manipulation of variables in a controlled environment.

Correlational research, unlike these, measures association without any manipulation.

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