Political Science · Political Institutions in India
UGC NET Dec 2015 Political Science
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below.
List I
- I. Charter Act of 1813
- II. Charter Act of 1833
- III. The Government of India Act, 1858
- IV. Government of India Act, 1909
List II
- a. Separate electorate
- b. Abolition of the monopoly of East Company
- c. Complete abolition of monopoly in trade by East India Company
- d. Secretary of State for India
AI-b, II-a, III-c, IV-d
BI-b, II-c, III-d, IV-a ✓ Correct
CI-a, II-d, III-c, IV-b
DI-d, II-a, III-c, IV-a
Correct answer: (B) I-b, II-c, III-d, IV-a — The correct match is Charter Act 1813 to abolition of the Company's trade monopoly, Charter Act 1833 to complete abolition of its trade monopoly, Government of India Act 1858 to…
Explanation
★The correct match is Charter Act 1813 to abolition of the Company's trade monopoly, Charter Act 1833 to complete abolition of its trade monopoly, Government of India Act 1858 to the Secretary of State for India, and the Act of 1909 to separate electorate, which is option (2).
★The Charter Act of 1813 ended the East India Company's commercial monopoly over trade in India, though the Company kept its monopoly over the tea trade and trade with China.
★The same Act asserted the sovereignty of the British Crown over the Company's Indian territories and allowed local governments in India to levy taxes.
★The Charter Act of 1833 went further and ended the Company's monopoly completely, including over tea and the China trade, turning the Company into a purely administrative body.
★The 1833 Act also redesignated the Governor General of Bengal as the Governor General of India, Lord William Bentinck being the first, and centralised legislative power.
★The Government of India Act 1858 was passed after the Revolt of 1857, ending Company rule and transferring the government of India to the British Crown.
★It abolished the Board of Control and the Court of Directors, ending the double government created by Pitt's India Act of 1784.
★It created the new office of Secretary of State for India, a member of the British Cabinet vested with full authority and assisted by a 15 member Council of India.
★It also changed the Governor General's title to Viceroy, making him the Crown's direct representative.
★The Act of 1909, the Indian Councils Act or Morley Minto Reforms, introduced the separate electorate for Muslims, the formal beginning of communal representation in India.
★Under the 1909 reforms Satyendra Prasad Sinha became the first Indian to join the Viceroy's executive council.
★The logic of the question is chronological and thematic: 1813 and 1833 deal with the Company's commercial monopoly, 1858 with the new imperial administrative structure, and 1909 with the politics of representation.
★A common slip is to credit separate electorates to a later Act, but the principle of a separate Muslim electorate dates specifically to 1909 and was only widened thereafter.
★Another slip is to confuse 1813, the partial end of monopoly, with 1833, the complete end of monopoly, the dividing line being the China and tea trade surrendered only in 1833.
★For NET, hold the sequence: Charter Acts 1813 and 1833 for commerce, Government of India Act 1858 for Crown rule and the Secretary of State, and the Indian Councils Act 1909 for separate electorates.
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