'One can infer the existence of fire after perceiving the smoke that has an uninterrupted connection with the surface of the mountain.' Which characteristics of anumana emerge from this statement?

1.It is indirect (paroksha)

2.It takes place through some mark called the 'Hetu'

3.It is invariably connected with the 'major term' (Sadhya)

4.It is a cognition that presupposes some other cognition

5.Anumana is a secondary proof

A1, 2, 3 and 4

B2, 3 and 4

C1, 2, 3 and 5

D1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ✓ Correct

Correct answer: (D) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Explanation

All five characteristics of anumana emerge from the smoke-and-fire example.

The knowledge of fire is indirect, paroksha, not gained by direct contact.

It proceeds through the mark called the hetu, here the smoke.

That mark is invariably connected with the sadhya, here the fire.

The cognition presupposes a prior cognition of the smoke and its concomitance.

As a knowledge dependent on such grounds, anumana is a secondary, mediate proof.

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