Political Science · Public Administration
UGC NET November 2021 Political Science
Rensis Likert identified four systems of management on the basis of the nature of authority and control of organization. Arrange them in ascending order of efficiency:
- 1. Benevolent-Authoritative
- 2. Consultative Leadership
- 3. Participative System
- 4. Exploitative Authoritative
A1, 2, 3, 4
B2, 1, 3, 4
C3, 2, 1, 4
D4, 1, 2, 3 ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) 4, 1, 2, 3 — The ascending order of efficiency is 4, 1, 2, 3, so the answer is option D.
Explanation
★The ascending order of efficiency is 4, 1, 2, 3, so the answer is option D.
★Rensis Likert described four systems of management by their style of authority and control.
★System 1 is exploitative authoritative, the least efficient, where managers rule by fear and threat.
★System 2 is benevolent authoritative, where control is still top-down but softened by a paternal touch.
★System 3 is consultative, where managers seek subordinates' views before deciding.
★System 4 is participative, the most efficient, built on trust, teamwork and shared decision-making.
★So from least to most efficient the order is exploitative, benevolent, consultative and participative, that is 4, 1, 2, 3.
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