Research hypotheses are
AA review of current research
BStatements of predicted relationships between variables
CStatements stated such that they can be confirmed or refuted
DBoth statements of predicted relationships and capable of confirmation or refutation ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) Both statements of predicted relationships and capable of confirmation or refutation
Explanation
Research hypotheses are statements of predicted relationships between variables framed so they can be confirmed or refuted.
They combine a directional or relational prediction with empirical testability in a single statement.
A review of current research is a literature review, not a hypothesis.
Predicted relationships between variables alone captures only one feature and ignores testability.
Being confirmable or refutable alone omits the predicted relationship that a hypothesis must state.
A good hypothesis is also specific, parsimonious and grounded in existing theory.
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