The computer memory used for temporary storage of data and programs is called

RAM provides temporary storage for the data and programs a computer is actively using.

ROM holds permanent instructions and is not used for temporary working data.

EROM is not a standard memory type for temporary storage.

EPROM is an erasable read only chip, not general temporary memory.

RAM contents are cleared once the machine is switched off.

This is why unsaved work is lost during a sudden power failure.