Paper 1 · Research Aptitude
The extent to which an instrument measures a characteristic that cannot be directly observed but is assumed to exist is
AFace validity
BConstruct validity ✓ Correct
CCriterion validity
DContent validity
Correct answer: (B) Construct validity — Measuring a characteristic that cannot be directly observed but is assumed to exist is construct validity, so that is the answer.
Explanation
★Measuring a characteristic that cannot be directly observed but is assumed to exist is construct validity, so that is the answer.
★A construct is an abstract quality, such as intelligence or motivation, that cannot be seen directly.
★Construct validity is the extent to which an instrument truly measures such an assumed construct.
★Face validity is only the surface appearance that a test looks right, not this deeper match.
★Criterion validity checks the test against an outside criterion or outcome.
★Content validity checks that a test covers the full content domain, so measuring an unseen construct is construct validity.
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