The main types of validity encountered in research design and methodology are

1.Internal

2.External

3.Construct

4.Statistical conclusion

A1 & 3 only

B1, 3 & 4 only

C2, 3 & 4 only

D1, 2, 3 & 4 ✓ Correct

Correct answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 & 4

Explanation

The main types of validity in research design are internal, external, construct, and statistical conclusion validity.

Internal validity concerns whether the independent variable truly caused the effect.

External validity concerns how far results generalise to other people, settings, and times.

Construct validity concerns whether the operations really capture the intended concepts.

Statistical conclusion validity concerns the correctness of inferences about covariation from the data.

Cook and Campbell set out this fourfold classification of validity.

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