The question of whether the results of a study can be generalized beyond the specific research context relates to

Whether a study's results generalize beyond its specific context is a question of external validity.

External validity concerns applicability to other people, settings and times.

Measurement validity instead asks whether an instrument captures the concept it claims to.

Internal validity asks whether the causal conclusion within the study is trustworthy.

Ecological validity asks whether findings hold in natural, everyday conditions.

External validity is often traded off against the tight control that boosts internal validity.