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To find my way about in a village, I ask a resident for guidance. Which of the following instruments of knowledge is used according to the classical Indian school of logic (Nyaya)?

APerception (pratyaksha)
BComparison (upamana)
CInference (anumana)
DVerbal testimony (sabda) ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) Verbal testimony (sabda)
Explanation

Asking a resident for directions relies on verbal testimony, sabda.

Sabda is knowledge gained from the trustworthy words of a reliable authority.

Here the guidance comes through the informant's statements, not one's own senses.

It is neither direct perception nor inference nor comparison.

Accepting a competent person's word is exactly the pramana of sabda.

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