To find my way about in a village, I ask a resident for guidance. Which of the following instruments of knowledge is used according to the classical Indian school of logic (Nyaya)?
APerception (pratyaksha)
BComparison (upamana)
CInference (anumana)
DVerbal testimony (sabda) ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) Verbal testimony (sabda)
Explanation
Asking a resident for directions relies on verbal testimony, sabda.
Sabda is knowledge gained from the trustworthy words of a reliable authority.
Here the guidance comes through the informant's statements, not one's own senses.
It is neither direct perception nor inference nor comparison.
Accepting a competent person's word is exactly the pramana of sabda.
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