Political Science · Political Theory
UGC NET November 2021 Political Science
What are the central beliefs of conservatism? Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
- I. Tradition
- II. Hierarchy and Authority
- III. Social Darwinism
- IV. Social Liberalism
AI and II ✓ Correct
BI and III
CI and IV
DII and III
Correct answer: (A) I and II — The central beliefs of conservatism are tradition and hierarchy and authority, so the answer is the combination I and II.
Explanation
★The central beliefs of conservatism are tradition and hierarchy and authority, so the answer is the combination I and II.
★Tradition is the core conservative value: inherited institutions and customs carry accumulated wisdom and should be preserved, a theme from Edmund Burke onward.
★Hierarchy and authority follow from this, since conservatives see natural ranks and firm authority as the basis of social order and stability.
★Social Darwinism, the survival-of-the-fittest view of society, belongs to nineteenth-century liberal and laissez-faire thought, not to conservatism.
★Social liberalism, which supports state action to advance welfare and equality, is a liberal position opposed to conservative caution.
★Spotting cue: tradition, hierarchy and authority are conservative, while anything about Darwinian competition or social welfare is the distractor.
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