Political Science · Political Theory
What are the central beliefs of liberalism?
- 1. Contract philosophy
- 2. Overarching state
- 3. Individualism
- 4. Equality of outcomes
A1 and 2 only
B1 and 3 only ✓ Correct
C1 and 4 only
D2 and 3 only
Correct answer: (B) 1 and 3 only — Contract philosophy and individualism are central liberal beliefs, so the answer is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
★Contract philosophy and individualism are central liberal beliefs, so the answer is 1 and 3 only.
★Contract philosophy bases the state on the consent of free individuals rather than on divine or natural hierarchy.
★Individualism makes the person the basic unit of moral and political value.
★An overarching, all controlling state contradicts the liberal demand for limited government, so statement 2 is wrong.
★Liberalism seeks equality of opportunity, not equality of outcomes, so statement 4 is wrong.
★Equality of outcome is a socialist ideal that liberals reject as a threat to liberty and merit.
★Social contract thinkers Locke, Hobbes and Rousseau gave liberalism its consent based foundation.
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