One key development in the discussion of popular culture in the early twentieth century was the association of popular culture with the United States. Through Hollywood and allied modes of entertainment, the USA began to exercise an international cultural influence. The term 'mass culture' is relevant here, for it refers both to the effects of American culture and to a specific theoretical debate that emerged in America in the post-war period. Dominic Strinati, in An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture (1995), holds that mass culture is popular culture produced by the industrial techniques of mass production and marketed for profit to a mass public of consumers. On this view the industrial revolution produced a series of atomised individuals who had lost touch with the communities of shared interest to which they once belonged, and who had been subjected to mechanisation and alienation. This rendered them ripe for systematic cultural manipulation through uniform, mass-produced, formulaic products designed to evoke frivolous, escapist and superficial pleasures.