Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
UGC NET December 2021 June 2022 (21.09.2022) Shift-I
Which of the following are admitted by the Naiyayikas (Indian logicians) as kinds of inference?
- Inference of the effect from the cause
- Inference of the cause from the effect
- Inference from knowledge of similarity between two kinds of objects
- Inference from observation of general inseparability
A1, 2 and 4 only ✓ Correct
B1, 2 and 3 only
C1 and 2 only
D1 and 4 only
Correct answer: (A) 1, 2 and 4 only — The consistent answer is 1, 2 and 4.
Explanation
★The consistent answer is 1, 2 and 4.
★The Naiyayikas admit inference of the effect from the cause, which is item 1.
★They admit inference of the cause from the effect, which is item 2.
★They admit inference from the observation of general inseparability, which is item 4.
★Inference from mere similarity between objects is comparison rather than a kind of inference, so item 3 is excluded.
★So the recognised kinds are the first, second and fourth.
★So the answer is 1, 2 and 4.
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