Political Science · Comparative Political Analysis
UGC NET 2023 Political Science
Which of the following are the basic features of Eric Hobsbawm's theory of nationalism in Europe?
- 1. There are three phases of nationalism that have shaped states in Western countries
- 2. He defines nationalism in one instance as reinventing traditions
- 3. He identifies the petty bourgeoisie as a group that advocated separatist nationalism
- 4. He ignored the emergence of ethno-linguistic nationalism in East and West Europe
A1, 2 & 4 only
B2 & 4 only
C2 & 3 only ✓ Correct
D1, 3 & 4 only
Correct answer: (C) 2 & 3 only — Hobsbawm's features here are invented traditions and the separatist role of the petty bourgeoisie, so the answer is 2 and 3.
Explanation
★Hobsbawm's features here are invented traditions and the separatist role of the petty bourgeoisie, so the answer is 2 and 3.
★Eric Hobsbawm argued that nations rest partly on invented traditions designed to instil values.
★He identified the petty bourgeoisie as a class that often backed separatist nationalism.
★He did acknowledge ethno-linguistic nationalism in eastern and western Europe, so the claim that he ignored it is false.
★The three-phase scheme of national development is more closely tied to Miroslav Hroch.
★Hobsbawm's Nations and Nationalism since 1780 (1990) set out his modernist account.
★Hobsbawm saw nationalism as constructed from above yet rooted and most powerful below.
★He saw nationalism as a modern construct linked to industrial and political change.
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