Which of the following arguments is fallacious, as per the classical school of logic, because of the middle term being too narrow?

AAll things are non-eternal because they are knowable

BThe hill has fire because it is knowable

CSound is eternal because it is audible ✓ Correct

DWherever there is fire, there is smoke

Correct answer: (C) Sound is eternal because it is audible

Explanation

'Sound is eternal because it is audible' rests on a middle term that is too narrow.

Audibility belongs to sound alone and to nothing else whatever.

A reason present only in the subject can prove nothing by concomitance.

With no positive or negative instance elsewhere, it establishes no vyapti.

Such an over-narrow, uncommon middle is the asadharana (uncommon) fallacy.

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