Political Science · Political Institutions in India
UGC NET July 2016 Political Science
Which of the following Fundamental Rights are granted only to citizens of India? Select the correct answer from the codes given below.
- I. Cultural and educational rights.
- II. Equality before the law.
- III. Right against exploitation.
- IV. Protection from discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
AI and II
BII and IV
CIII and IV
DI and IV ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) I and IV — The Fundamental Rights granted only to citizens of India are the cultural and educational rights and the protection from discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of…
Explanation
★The Fundamental Rights granted only to citizens of India are the cultural and educational rights and the protection from discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth, which is option (4), namely I and IV.
★Some Fundamental Rights are available to all persons, while others are reserved only for citizens.
★Protection from discrimination under Article 15 is a citizen only right.
★The cultural and educational rights of minorities under Articles 29 and 30 are also citizen related rights.
★Statement II, equality before the law under Article 14, is available to all persons, including foreigners.
★Statement III, the right against exploitation under Articles 23 and 24, is also available to all persons.
★So the rights reserved for citizens in this list are statements I and IV.
★Other citizen only rights include equality of opportunity in public employment under Article 16.
★The six freedoms under Article 19, such as speech and movement, are also citizen only rights.
★Rights available to all persons include the right to life under Article 21 and freedom of religion under Article 25.
★The distinction matters because foreigners enjoy some rights but not those tied to citizenship.
★Article 15 forbids discrimination by the State against any citizen on the listed grounds.
★Articles 29 and 30 protect the language, script and culture of citizens and the rights of minorities to run institutions.
★This citizen versus person distinction is a frequent theme in NET questions on Fundamental Rights.
★For NET, fix Articles 15, 16, 19, 29 and 30 as citizen only rights, against Articles 14, 20, 21 and 25 available to all persons.
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