Which of the following have been considered as threats to internal validity in research?

1.Randomisation

2.Generalisability

3.Maturation

4.History

5.Instrumentation

A1, 2 & 3 only

B2, 3 & 4 only

C3, 4 & 5 only ✓ Correct

D1, 2 & 5 only

Correct answer: (C) 3, 4 & 5 only

Explanation

Threats to internal validity include maturation, history and instrumentation.

Maturation is change within the subjects over time, such as fatigue or growth.

History is the effect of outside events during the study.

Instrumentation is drift in the measuring tools or observers.

Randomisation is a control that protects validity, not a threat.

Generalisability concerns external validity, not internal validity.

Want more like this? Create a free account to practise a full test, track your progress, and get spaced-repetition review.