Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
UGC NET December 2022 (13.03.2023) Shift-II (Home Science)
Which of the following statements are logically equivalent?
- Some physicists are outstanding professors
- Some physicists are not non-outstanding professors
- No outstanding professors are physicists
- Some non-outstanding professors are not non-physicists
A1, 2 & 4 only
B1 & 2 only ✓ Correct
C2 & 4 only
D1 & 3 only
Correct answer: (B) 1 & 2 only — The answer is 1 and 2.
Explanation
★The answer is 1 and 2.
★Statement 1 says some physicists are outstanding professors.
★Statement 2 is its obverse, saying some physicists are not non-outstanding professors, which keeps the same meaning.
★So statements 1 and 2 are logically equivalent.
★Statement 3 denies the relation, changing the meaning, so it is excluded.
★Statement 4 shifts the subject and predicate and is not equivalent to statement 1.
★So the answer is 1 and 2.
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