Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
UGC NET December 2022 (14.03.2023) Shift-I (Education)
Which of the following statements are logically equivalent?
- Some animals are not carnivorous organisms
- Some animals are not non-carnivorous organisms
- Some non-carnivorous organisms are not non-animals
- Some animals are non-carnivorous organisms
A1 & 4 only
B1, 2 & 4 only
C1, 3 & 4 only ✓ Correct
D2 & 3 only
Correct answer: (C) 1, 3 & 4 only — The answer is 1, 3 and 4.
Explanation
★The answer is 1, 3 and 4.
★Statement 1 says some animals are not carnivorous organisms, an O proposition.
★Statement 4 is its obverse, saying some animals are non-carnivorous organisms, which keeps the same meaning.
★Statement 3 is its partial contrapositive, saying some non-carnivorous organisms are not non-animals, which also keeps the same meaning.
★So statements 1, 3 and 4 are logically equivalent.
★Statement 2 changes the quality and is not equivalent, so it is excluded.
★So the answer is 1, 3 and 4.
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