Political Science · Indian Polity
Which of these Fundamental Rights are available to both citizens and non-citizens?
- 1. Freedom of conscience
- 2. Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
- 3. Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
- 4. Freedom to manage religious affairs
A1, 2 and 3
B1, 2 and 4
C2, 3 and 4
D1 and 4 ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) 1 and 4 — Items 1 and 4 are available to all persons, so the answer is 1 and 4.
Explanation
★Items 1 and 4 are available to all persons, so the answer is 1 and 4.
★Freedom of conscience under Article 25 is available to all persons.
★Freedom to manage religious affairs under Article 26 is available to all persons.
★Item 2 is wrong, because the minority right under Article 30 is available only to citizens.
★Item 3 is wrong, because equality of opportunity in public employment under Article 16 is only for citizens.
★Rights under Articles 15, 16, 19, 29 and 30 are confined to citizens.
★So only the freedoms of conscience and of managing religious affairs extend to non-citizens too.
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