Political Science · Political Institutions in India
UGC NET 2023 Political Science
Which of these postulated the introduction of an elected President in the municipalities?
ALord Ripon's Resolution, 1882
BLord Mayo's Resolution, 1870
CBombay Municipal Corporation Act, 1888
DGujarat Municipalities Act, 1964 ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) Gujarat Municipalities Act, 1964 — The introduction of an elected President in the municipalities was postulated by the Gujarat Municipalities Act of 1964, which is option (4).
Explanation
★The introduction of an elected President in the municipalities was postulated by the Gujarat Municipalities Act of 1964, which is option (4).
★The Act provided for municipalities in Gujarat to have a President chosen through election, strengthening the elective principle in urban local government.
★The history of local self government in British India begins with Lord Mayo's Resolution of 1870, which is the second option.
★Lord Mayo's Resolution of 1870 promoted financial decentralisation by transferring certain departments to provincial control and encouraging local bodies.
★Lord Ripon's Resolution of 1882 is the first option and is regarded as the Magna Carta of local self government in India.
★Ripon's Resolution called for local boards with a non official majority and, where possible, a non official chairman, and it linked local government to political education.
★However, Ripon's Resolution dealt broadly with rural and urban local boards rather than specifically introducing an elected municipal President.
★The Bombay Municipal Corporation Act of 1888 is the third option and provided a framework for the functioning of the municipal corporation of Bombay.
★That Act organised civic administration in Bombay but is not the source of the elected President provision asked about here.
★The elected President clause for municipalities is specifically tied to the later, post Independence Gujarat Municipalities Act of 1964.
★The Government of India Act of 1919 had earlier brought local government under the purview of the provinces as a transferred subject.
★Local self government was later given constitutional status by the 73rd and 74th Amendments of 1992, covering Panchayats and Municipalities.
★The 74th Amendment created Part IXA and the Twelfth Schedule dealing with urban local bodies.
★The chain of local government measures runs from Mayo 1870 to Ripon 1882 to the municipal Acts and finally to the constitutional amendments of 1992.
★For NET, separate Mayo 1870 for financial decentralisation, Ripon 1882 as the Magna Carta of local self government, and the Gujarat Act 1964 for the elected municipal President.
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