Political Science · Public Administration
UGC NET July 2016 Political Science
Which one of the following types of bureaucracy exhibits a bias towards party interests?
AGuardian bureaucracy
BCaste bureaucracy
CPatronage bureaucracy ✓ Correct
DMerit bureaucracy
Correct answer: (C) Patronage bureaucracy — Patronage bureaucracy shows a bias towards party interests, so the answer is patronage bureaucracy.
Explanation
★Patronage bureaucracy shows a bias towards party interests, so the answer is patronage bureaucracy.
★This classification of bureaucracy is associated with the scholar F. M. Marx, who grouped bureaucracies by their basis of recruitment.
★In a patronage bureaucracy, offices are awarded to the supporters, friends and relatives of the winning political party.
★In the United States this took the form of the spoils system, rewarding party loyalty with public jobs.
★Guardian bureaucracy is wrong; it sees itself as the custodian of the public interest, like Plato's philosopher-kings.
★Caste bureaucracy is wrong because recruitment there rests on hereditary social status, not party allegiance.
★Merit bureaucracy is wrong as it recruits through open, competitive examination on the basis of ability.
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