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Which term is Not related to NPM (New Public Management)?

Political Science · Public Administration
Which term is Not related to NPM (New Public Management)?
ACitizen as customer
BEntrepreneurial spirit
CSocial equity ✓ Correct
D'Steering' not 'rowing'
Correct answer: (C) Social equity — Social equity is not related to NPM, so it is the odd one out.
Explanation
Social equity is not related to NPM, so it is the odd one out.
Social equity is the central value of the New Public Administration, not of NPM.
NPM is driven by efficiency, economy and market values, not by equity.
Treating the citizen as a customer is a hallmark of NPM.
The entrepreneurial spirit of running government like a business is an NPM idea.
Steering not rowing, that is, the state guiding rather than delivering, is from NPM thinking.
So social equity belongs to NPA and stands apart from NPM.

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