A research paper evaluated by other experts, either for publication or presentation at a conference, is considered to have undergone

A paper evaluated by other experts before publication or conference presentation is said to have undergone peer review.

Fellow specialists assess its rigour, originality, and contribution.

Public review is not the recognised scholarly evaluation process.

Private review is not a standard term for expert scrutiny of research.

Research review is vague and does not name this specific expert-vetting procedure.

Peer-reviewed publication is a key marker of academic credibility.