Paper 1 · Logical Reasoning
A universal negative (E) proposition distributes
ASubject only
BPredicate only
CBoth subject and predicate ✓ Correct
DNeither subject nor predicate
Correct answer: (C) Both subject and predicate — A universal negative distributes both subject and predicate, so that is the answer.
Explanation
★A universal negative distributes both subject and predicate, so that is the answer.
★'No S is P' excludes the whole subject class from the whole predicate class.
★Because both classes are taken entirely, both terms are distributed.
★This is the standard rule for the E proposition.
★So both subject and predicate are distributed.
★So the answer is both subject and predicate.
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