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According to the passage, fascism did which of the following? Choose the correct answer from the…

Paper 1 · Comprehension UGC NET December 2023 (12.12.2023) Shift-I
Passage
Science and the techniques to which it has given rise have changed human life during the last hundred and fifty years more than it had been changed since men took to agriculture, and the changes that are being wrought by science continue at an increasing speed. There is no sign of any new stability to be attained on some scientific plateau. On the contrary, there is every reason to think that the revolutionary possibilities of science extend immeasurably beyond what has so far been realized. Can the human race adjust itself quickly enough to these vertiginous transformations, or will it, as innumerable former species have done, perish from lack of adaptability? The dinosaurs were in their day the lords of creation, and if there had been philosophers among them, not one would have foreseen that the whole race might perish. But they became extinct because they could not adapt themselves to a world without swamps. In the case of man and science there is a wholly new factor, namely that man himself is creating the changes of environment to which he will have to adjust himself with unprecedented rapidity. Although these changes come about through human agencies, they have, or at any rate have had so far, something of the inexorable inevitability of natural forces. Whether men will be able to survive the changes of environment that their own skill has brought about is an open question. If the answer is to be in the affirmative, men will have to apply scientific ways of thinking to themselves and their institutions.
According to the passage, fascism did which of the following? Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
  • 1. Considered charging interest as immoral
  • 2. Valued agriculture and industry
  • 3. Rejected hierarchies of feudalism
  • 4. Believed in corporatism
A1 and 4 only
B1, 2 and 3 only
C1, 3 and 4 only
D1, 2 and 4 only ✓ Correct
Correct answer: (D) 1, 2 and 4 only — Fascism considered interest immoral, valued agriculture and industry, and believed in corporatism, so the answer is 1, 2 and 4.
Explanation
Fascism considered interest immoral, valued agriculture and industry, and believed in corporatism, so the answer is 1, 2 and 4.
The passage says fascism, like feudal economics, saw charging interest as immoral.
It viewed tangible sectors such as agriculture and industry as value creating.
It believed in corporatism, organising society into corporations under the state.
It retained, rather than rejected, the hierarchies of feudalism.
So rejecting feudal hierarchies is false, and the correct set is statements 1, 2 and 4.

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