History · From State to Empire
UGC NET December 2021 History (Shift-I)
Passage
On conquering Kalinga the Beloved of the Gods felt remorse, for when an independent country is conquered the slaughter, death and deportation of the people is extremely grievous to the Beloved of the Gods and weighs heavily on his mind. What is even more deplorable to the Beloved of the Gods is that those who dwell there, whether brahmanas, shramanas, or those of other sects, or householders who show obedience to their teachers and behave well and devotedly towards their friends, acquaintances, colleagues, relatives, slaves and servants, all suffer violence, murder and separation from their loved ones. Today if a hundredth or a thousandth part of those people who were killed or died or were deported when Kalinga was annexed were to suffer similarly, it would weigh heavily on the mind of the Beloved of the Gods. The Beloved of the Gods considers victory by dhamma to be the foremost victory.
Ashoka abandoned the policy of physical occupation in favour of cultural conquest. Both of these are called:
ADhammaghosha and Shasanas
BBherighosha and Dhammaghosha ✓ Correct
CSamskara and Dhammaghosha
DSamskara and Bherighosha
Correct answer: (B) Bherighosha and Dhammaghosha — They are called Bherighosha and Dhammaghosha, so the answer is Bherighosha and Dhammaghosha.
Explanation
★They are called Bherighosha and Dhammaghosha, so the answer is Bherighosha and Dhammaghosha.
★Ashoka abandoned the policy of physical occupation in favour of cultural conquest.
★The policy of war and conquest by force was called Bherighosha, the sound of the war drum.
★The policy of conquest by Dhamma and moral persuasion was called Dhammaghosha, the sound of Dhamma.
★After the Kalinga war Ashoka replaced Bherighosha with Dhammaghosha.
★So the two policies are called Bherighosha and Dhammaghosha.
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